Objectives: This study aimed to examine the background, key components, reimbursement structure, and institutional framework of Japan’s policies promoting the integration of rehabilitation, nutrition, and oral care, and to propose policy directions for adopting an integrated recovery-phase management model in South Korea. Methods: A systematic literature review was conducted to examine Japan’s policy initiatives and implementation strategies related to the integration of rehabilitation, nutrition, and oral care within the recovery-phase rehabilitation sector. Results: Since 2006, Japan has implemented a system in which dental hygienists specialize in oral rehabilitation. Furthermore, in June 2023, the government introduced the Basic Policy on Economic and Fiscal Management and Reform, emphasizing health promotion and prevention of disease progression to extend healthy life expectancy and encourage workforce participation among older adults. Building on this policy, Japan introduced new reimbursement schemes in 2024 covering rehabilitation, nutrition, and oral care in the recoveryphase rehabilitation sector, thereby enhancing opportunities for implementation across healthcare institutions and communities. Conclusions: Japan’s policy experience underscores the importance of developing and implementing an integrated recoveryphase management model for rehabilitation, nutrition, and oral care in South Korea. Establishing concrete policy strategies will be critical for successful adoption.