Objectives: This study aimed to clarify the risk factors for tooth fracture among Korean adolescents using data from the 20th Korea Youth Risk Behavior Survey (2024). Methods: A total of 54,648 adolescents were included in this study. Data were analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics 25.0. Results: The prevalence of tooth fracture was higher among male students; high school students; and those with lower academic achievement, lower economic status, unhealthy status, and insufficient recovery from sleep. The risk of tooth fracture increased with greater participation in physical activities such as ≥60 min of physical activity per week, vigorous-intensity physical activity, and more frequent muscle-strengthening exercises. Additionally, risky behaviors such as not wearing seat belts or helmets; history of injury or hospital treatment; lack of safety education; and history of violence, binge drinking, or drug use significantly increased the likelihood of tooth fracture. Conclusions: Tooth fractures in adolescents are influenced by multiple factors rather than a single cause. The findings suggest that prevention strategies should comprehensively address physical activity management, enhance safety awareness, and reduce risky behaviors.