Objectives: Japan’s rapid transition into a super-aging society has reshaped oral health needs and dental hygiene education. This study aims to examine the evolution of Japan’s gerodontology and dental hygiene education within the context of long-term care reforms and expanding professional roles. Methods: A literature-based review was conducted by synthesizing national policies, legal regulations, and educational guidelines to analyze structural changes in gerodontology education. Results: Policy reforms, particularly the establishment and revision of the long-term care Insurance system accelerated. Educational reforms followed these systemic changes, culminating in the 2022 Educational Principles of Dental Hygienist in Gerodontology. However, persistent challenges remain, including limited clinical training sites, shortages of qualified instructors, inconsistencies in practicum content, and insufficient interprofessional education. Conclusions: Japan’s experience demonstrate the importance of aligning gerodontology education. These findings suggest that Korea would benefit from standardized, competency-based gerodontology curriculum to better prepare practitioner for an aging society.