Objective: This study aimed to investigate infection control practices according to the organizational scale of specialized dental institutions. Methods: Dental institutions across a metropolitan area were recruited from February 1 to February 25, 2026, using a convenience sample. Items were analyzed using the chi-square test, Fisher’s exact test, and analysis of variance. Results: The mean scores by domain ranged from 78.9 (medical waste and laundry management) to a low of 41.2 (personnel and education). Across all domains, the multidisciplinary collaboration model consistently demonstrated significantly superior performance compared to other organizational types (p<0.05). The availability of personal protective equipment (PPE) and compliance with sterilization procedures were both high (96.7%). However, there were significant differences across organizational size regarding hand hygiene, PPE use, sterilization effectiveness verification (biological and chemical indicators), backflow prevention devices, water quality testing and monitoring, and infection control staffing and training (p<0.01). Conclusions: Single-specialty model institutions should be guided to adhere to standard manuals. Furthermore, policies that encourage voluntary participation, such as institutional fee guarantees for sterilization validation and infection control, are required.