Objectives: This study aimed to analyze the differences in health behaviors and hypertension care indicators according to disease duration, and identify the characteristics of health management according to hypertension progression. Methods: Data from the 2022 Community Health Survey were used to analyze 50,601 patients with hypertension aged 40–79 years. The analysis employed frequency analysis, chi-squared tests, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), and logistic regression models. Results: As hypertension duration increased, health behavior indicators such as regular tooth brushing, nutrition label use, and alcohol consumption decreased, whereas depressive symptoms and influenza vaccination rates increased. Hypertension management education and awareness of blood pressure levels tended to increase with longer hypertension duration. Conclusions: The f indings of this study indicate that the health behaviors and hypertension management indicators of patients with hypertension differ significantly depending on the duration of illness. Notably, there is a tendency towards lower levels of oral health practices. Therefore, multifaceted dental hygiene intervention approaches are required to ensure continuous oral health care and effective management of hypertension.